Research on the innovation and impact of cross-border e-commerce on international trade models
跨境电商对国际贸易模式的创新及影响机制的研究

摘要

随着数字经济的快速发展，跨境电商已成为推动国际贸易模式创新的重要力量。本文基于全球跨境电商发展现状，结合国际贸易理论，探讨了跨境电商对传统贸易模式的创新路径及其影响机制。研究发现，跨境电商通过降低交易成本、优化供应链效率、促进中小企业国际化等方式，重塑了全球贸易格局。具体而言，跨境电商平台通过数字化技术（如大数据匹配、智能物流、区块链支付）显著降低了国际贸易的信息不对称和交易壁垒，使得“长尾市场”需求得到有效满足。同时，跨境电商推动了贸易模式的“去中介化”，使生产商能够直接触达全球消费者，进而改变传统贸易的层级分销体系。此外，本文构建了跨境电商对国际贸易影响的理论框架，提出“数字赋能—效率提升—市场扩展”的三阶段作用机制，并利用2015—2022年全球跨境电商交易数据进行实证检验。结果表明，跨境电商渗透率每提高1%，国际贸易规模平均增长0.23%，且对新兴经济体的促进作用更为显著。最后，本文从政策支持、数字基建、国际规则协同等角度提出优化建议，为全球数字贸易发展提供理论参考和实践启示。

Abstract

With the rapid development of the digital economy, cross-border e-commerce has emerged as a significant force driving innovation in international trade models. This study examines the innovative pathways and impact mechanisms of cross-border e-commerce on traditional trade patterns, based on the current global development status of cross-border e-commerce and international trade theories. The findings reveal that cross-border e-commerce is reshaping global trade dynamics through multiple channels, including reducing transaction costs, optimizing supply chain efficiency, and facilitating the internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Specifically, cross-border e-commerce platforms leverage digital technologies—such as big data matching, intelligent logistics, and blockchain-based payments—to significantly mitigate information asymmetry and trade barriers in international commerce, thereby effectively meeting the demands of "long-tail markets." Moreover, cross-border e-commerce promotes "disintermediation" in trade models, enabling producers to directly reach global consumers and transforming the traditional hierarchical distribution system. Furthermore, this study constructs a theoretical framework to analyze the impact of cross-border e-commerce on international trade, proposing a three-stage mechanism of "digital empowerment—efficiency enhancement—market expansion." Empirical tests using global cross-border e-commerce transaction data from 2015 to 2022 demonstrate that a 1% increase in cross-border e-commerce penetration leads to an average 0.23% growth in international trade volume, with a more pronounced effect in emerging economies. Finally, the study offers policy recommendations in areas such as government support, digital infrastructure development, and international regulatory coordination, providing both theoretical insights and practical guidance for the advancement of global digital trade.